State labor rules diverge from the federal baseline in three places that cost contractors money: overtime triggers, mandatory breaks, and outdoor heat. The federal FLSA sets a floor — 1.5× the regular rate past 40 hours in a week — and roughly half the states stop there. The rest add their own layers, and they do not resemble each other. California and Colorado have daily overtime; Nevada has daily overtime only for workers paid under a threshold. California, Colorado, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington mandate meal breaks; Texas, Florida, and Arizona mandate none. New York mandates meals but no rest breaks.
Outdoor heat is the fastest-moving area and the most misreported. Enforceable state standards exist in California, Oregon, Washington, and Nevada; Colorado's still covers agriculture only (a 2026 law adds data collection and a model plan, not a construction rule). Texas and Florida have gone the other way, passing laws that preempt local heat ordinances. Federal OSHA's heat rule is still in rulemaking: proposed in August 2024, with no final rule as of October 2026.